(580-600)/(sqrt(30*1.5^2)) pnorm(-2.43) 1-pnorm(-2.43) pt(2) pt(2, 15) 1 - pt(2, 15) qt(.95) qt(.95, 15) sqrt(8.3^2/13 + 7.7^2/14) 70.3-72.7 -2.4/3.09 qt(.975, 12) exam = read.csv("exam1R.csv") exam attach(exam) score sex ime prezime females=score[sex =="F"] females males=score[sex =="M"] males mean(females) mean(males) sd(females) sd(males) length(males) length(females) tnumer = mean(males) - mean(females) tnumer tdenom = sqrt(var(females)/length(females) + var(males)/length(males)) tdenom t = tnumer/tdenom t pt(-0.779, 12) t.test(males, females) t.test(score~sex) ?t.test t.test(score~sex, var.equal=T) poolvar = (length(males)-1)*var(males) + (length(females) -1)*var(females) poolvar poolvarfinal = poolvar/(length(males) + length(females) - 2) poolvarfinal poolsd = sqrt(poolvarfinal) poolsd tdenom = 7.972*sqrt(1/length(males) + 1/length(females)) t= tnumer/tdenom t t.test(score~sex, var.equal = T) pt(-.781, 25) 2*pt(-.781, 25)